krishnaeducationportal

MS-DOS (Micro Soft - Disk Operating System)

Operating System:-

An Operating System is an interface between user and system hardware components. (Or)

The Operating System can be act as a host for application that are run on the machine.it is also called as system software.

User s may also interact with the operating system with some kind of user interface like typing commands by command line interface or by using graphicle user interface.

Example:

Ø Ms-Dos.

Ø Microsoft Windows.

· Windows 98

· Windows 2000

· Windows XP

· Windows 7

Ø Mac Os.

Ø Linux

Ø Unix

Ø Solaris.

Ø Vista

Ø Android etc.

Based on user type it can be classified as

1.Single User Operating System.

ü Ms-Dos.

2.Multi User Operating System

ü Unix

ü Linux.

Based On Interface It can be classified as

a)Character User Interface.

§ Ms-Dos,Unix.

b) Graphical user Interface.

v Windows,Mac OS.

Ms-Dos:(Microsoft Disk Operating System)

Ø Ms-Dos is a single user operating system.and it is first operating system for personel computers.

Ø DOS was designed by T.Patterson for seatilite computer products.nExt it was licenced to Microsoft Company.

Dos Versions:

v Net it world to IBM in 1980’s.In the year 1981 DOS1.0 version was released for IBM-PC.

v After developing it the DOS 2,3,4,5 and 6 versions comes.

v The Last DOS 6.X was capable of supporting MS Windows.

v In windows ME ,Dos 7.0 is introduced after that windowsNT5.

v Window 2000 ,Windows XP were all rewritten using a new kernel named new technology on NT.

v DOS was really designed for running one program at a time.

v the latest version of MS-DOS is MS-DOS 6.22 which was released in 1994.

About Ms-Dos:

Ms-Dos is a command line user interface. Ms-Dos 1.0 was released in 1981 for IBM computers.

To open command prompt:-

Click On START Menuà All Programs à Accessories à Command Prompt

(Or)

START MenuàRunàtype CMDà Press OK.

DOS COMMANDS :-

Dos commands are basically classified into two types They are

1.DOS Internal Commands.

2.DOS External Commands.

Dos Commands

Internal Commands External commands

1. DOS INTERNAL COMMANDS :-

Certain Dos commands which are frequently used are loaded in the RAM during the process of booting such commands are called Internal commands.they are avaible internally in DOS itself.

2.DOS EXTERNAL COMMANDS :-

External Commands reside outside the RAM in a secondary storage media in the form of a file and should be loaded into RAM. External commands files have COM and EXE Extension.

Command Language:-

The command language is used by DOS is not easy to remember .The os added a GUI on DOS to make it eaiser for the user to give commands to the computer.

DOS can take only one character for the command. for file also it can take any 8 characters. We can use the commands in Uppercase or lowercase letters.

To Start Ms-Dos:-

Micro Soft windows XP [version 5.1.2600]

C:\Documents Settings \Guest>

A Ms-Dos window open on the screen which is a bit drab and serve looking.

where

We can Observe the DOS Prompt look like C:\>

The First Character ,’C’ tells the drive which is active.

The Reset character ‘: ‘indicates that C on A is drive name.

The nExt character back slash’ %’ indicates the path with in the drive .

The last Character greater than ‘>’ sign is actual prompt .

The cursor will displayed after the ‘>’ sign.

Here Guest indicates the current user.

It indicates that we have to type short commands.

1. Internal Commands:-

C:\>Documents Setting\Guest>cd.. (or) cd\

Here basically having the above line for every command prompt.come back to the root drive by using the following commands.those are

1.Cd.. :-

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to come back to any directory by using the following Syntax.

Syntax: C:\>Documents Setting\Guest>command Name.

Ex: C:\>Documents Setting\Guest>cd..

Result: C:\>

(Or)

2. Cd\:-

It is also Ms-Dos command which is used to comeback to the root directory. By using the following Syntax.\

Syntax: C:\> Documents Setting\Guest>command name

Ex: C:\> Documents Setting\Guest>cd\

Result: C:\>

3. To Entering Into the another drive we can use the following command as followed.

Syntax: C:\> Drive Name: followed by Enter Key.

Ex:C:\>D: press Enter Key.

Result:D:\>

Note:1.Here Drive C contains all the Softwares and all system Information so that’s why we can’t use C Drive.

4.MD(MKDIR):

It is Ms-Dos Command it is used to create a New Directory.

Syntax: D:\>MD Filename or Directory Name.

Ex 1 : D:\>MD Hari press Enter Key

Result:D:\>

6.CD(CHDIR):

It is also a Ms-Dos Command which is used to enter any directory. By Using the following Syntax.

Syntax:D:\>CD Old File Name Or Directory name.

Ex:1 D:\>CD Hari Press Enter Key.

Result:D:\Hari>

7.CLS:-

It is also a Ms-Dos Command Which is used to clear the entire command prompt screen.

Syntax:D:\>Command name

Ex:D:\>CLS press enter key.

Result:D:\> clear screen is appear.

8.VER:-

It Is also Ms-Dos Command Which is about known Dos Version Name.

Syntax: D:\>Command Name.

Ex:D:\>VER Press Enter Key.

Result: D:\>VER

9.Vol :-

It is also Ms-Dos command it used to displays the disk volume information like label and serial number etc.

Syntax:Vol[Drive Name]

Ex:D:\>Vol Press Enter Key.

Result:

10.Date:

It is a Ms-Dos command which is used to display system date as well as a change system date.

Syntax: D:\>Command Name.

Ex: D:\>Date press Enter Key.

11. Time:

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to view and edit the computers time.

Syntax :D:\>Command Name.

Ex: D:\>Time Press Enter key.

12.Copy Con:-

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to create files

I) To Create New File.

Syntax: D:\> Copy Con File name Press Enter Key.

Ex:D:\Hari>Copy Con myfile.txt

My name is xxx

My Qualification is P.G

To save the files press F6 or Ctrl+z Press Enter Key.

Here CON Stands for Console (Keyboard).

13.Copy:-It is Ms-Dos command which is used to create and copy files from one place to another place (with same or deffernt name).

i)To Create a Duplicate Files by using the following command.

Syntax: D:\>copy <old file name> <new file name> Press Enter key.

EX: D:\Hari>Copy Myfile.txt Krishna.txt Press Enter Key.

ii)To Copy files from one location to another location .

Synatax :D:\>copy D:\Directory name\filename D:\Directory name Press enter key.

Ex: D:\>Copy D:\Hari\Myfile.txt D:\Yuth\ Press Enter Key.

13.REN:(Rename):

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to renames a file name.

Syntax: D:\>REN <Old File Name> <New File Name>

Ex: D:\Hari>Ren Myfile.txt Krishn’s.txt. Press Enter Key.

14 .DIR :-

It is Ms-Dos Command which is used to allows you to see the available file and sub directories in the current directory or Drive.

Syntax: D:\>DIR

Ex: D:\>Dir

It Display the all the files and directories in the current location.

i)DIR\P:-

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to displays all the files and folders in current drive the location page wise.

Syntax: D:\>DIR\P

Ex :D:\Hari>DIR\P Press Enter Key.

ii) DIR\W:-

It is Ms-Dos Command which is used to displays the files and folders in the current drive or location by width wise.

Syntax: D:\>DIR\W Press Enter key.

Ex: D:\>Hari>DIR\W

iii) DIR\S:-

It is a Ms-Dos Command It is used to displays the all files and folders and its sub folders.

Syntax: D:\>DIR\S

Ex: D:\Hari>DIR\S Press Enter Key.

To stop continuous process press Ctrl+Break.

iv: DIR/Q:- it is Ms-Dos Command which is used to display files and folders in Quantity wise.

Wild Card Characters:-

* and ? are called Wild Crads Characters.

‘*’ :- It represents All characters And

Ex: To Display all files \folders which are starting with ‘S’ character in the current drive we use the following command.

D:\>DIR*S Press Enter Key.

Note: If you want to display required Extension files.

D: \>DIR*S.txt Press Enter Key.

‘?’:- It represents Single Characters. And to display all files and folders with required length.

Ex: To Displays those files which are starting with ‘d’ character and having maximum length of 5 then use the command.

D :\>DIR d???? Press Enter Key.

15.Exit:-

It is a Ms-Dos Command which is used to quit from command prompt.

Syntax:D:\>Exit

2.External Commands:-

1.Edit : Edit allow a user to view, create and modify files.

Syntax: Edit filename

Home – Move cursor to the beginning of the line.

End – Move cursor to the end of the line.

Ctrl + Up – Scroll up one line.

Page Up – Scroll up one screen.

Ctrl + Page Up – Scroll left one screen.

Ctrl + Home – Scroll to the top of the document.

Ctrl + End – Scroll to the bottom of the document.

Ctrl + Down – Scroll down one line.

Page Down – Scroll down one screen.

Ctrl + Page Down – Scroll right one screen.

Ctrl + Left – Move left one word.

Ctrl + Right - Move right one word.

Enter - Starts a new line or moves text after cursor down

Delete (Del) – Deletes one character that cursor is on or currently selected text.

Backspace – Deletes one character before the cursor.

Tab – Moves cursor or text to nExt tab stop, or indents line if at first character.

Inset – Switch between insert and overwrite modes.

Ctrl + Y – Deletes the current line.

Ctrl + V – Pastes contents currently within buffer if any

Ctrl + P – Allows special characters to be inserted into edit.

Shift – Using shift in combination with any of the above scrolling or moving s will highlight text such as Ctrl + Shift + Right.

Ctrl + C – Copies currently selected text into buffer.

Ctrl + X – Cuts the currently selected text into buffer.

Shift + Tab – Un indents the currently selected line.

Ctrl + Q + F – Find text.

F3 – Repeat Last search.

Ctrl + Q + A – Find and replace text.

F6 – Switch to the nExt edit window if any

Ctrl + F6 – Open new edit window

Ctrl + F8 – Resizes edit window

Ctrl + F4 – Closes second edit window

F1 – Displays help.

2. Label : It is Ms-Dos Command which is used to view or change the label of the computer disk drives.

Syntax: D:\>Label

3. Xcopy :

The copy with additional features has the capability of moving files, directories, and even whole drives from one destination to another.

Syntax : Xcopy source [destination]

Ex : Xcopy D:/>Hari>sree E:/>Hari>Nain

4. Chkdsk :

This are used to checks the computer hard disk drives status for any cross linked or any additional errors with the hard drive.

Note1: MS- DOS Versions 2.x – 4.x used chkdsk.com

Note2: MS – DOV Versions 5.x and beyond used chkdsk.Exe

Syntax : Chkdsk [drive:][[path] filename]

Ex: chkdsk D:/>Hari/Sree

5. SYS :

This used to copy the system files from one drive to another drive allowing that drive to be boot files.

When system running the following files will be copied : .com Io.sys Msdos.sys Drvspace.bin

Syntax : Sys [drive 1:][path] [drive 2:] [path]

Ex: Sys E:/>hari/sree F:/>hari>nani

6. Tree :

Allows the user to view a listing of files and folders in an easy to read listing.

Syntax : Tree Drive:/path

Ex: Tree D:>hari

7. Deltree :-

Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it. To delete one r more files and directories.

Syntax : Deltree [drive:][path]

Ex: Deltree D:/>hari

8. Undelete :

Allow you to restore files that may have been deleted.

Syntax: Undelete [drive:][path][file]

Ex: Undelete D:/>hari/sree

9. Diskcomp :

Compares the contents of a floppy disk in the source drive to the contents of a floppy disk in the target drive.

Syntax: Diskcomp Source:Target : /1/8

10. Diskcopy :- It is Ms-Dos Command which is used to copy the complete content of one disk to another disk.

Synatx: Drive Name:/>Disk copy Drive1 Drive2 Press Enter Key.

List Of Ms-Dos Commands:-

S.NO	COMMAND NAME	DESCRIPTION
1	Help	For more information on a specific command, type HELP command-name
2	ASSOC	Displays or modifies file Extension associations.
3	AT	Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
4	ATTRIB	Displays or changes file attributes.
5	BREAK	Sets or clears Extended CTRL+C checking.
6	CACLS	Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
7	CALL	Calls one batch program from another.
8	CD	Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
9	CHCP	Displays or sets the active code page number.
10	CHDIR	Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
11	CHKDSK	Checks a disk and displays a status report.
12	CHKNTFS	Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
13	CLS	Clears the screen.
14	CMD	Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
15	COLOR	Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
16	COMP	Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
17	COMPACT	Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.
18	CONVERT	Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive.
19	COPY	Copies one or more files to another location
20	DATE	Displays or sets the date.
21	DEL	Deletes one or more files.
22	DIR	Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
23	DISKCOMP	Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
24	DISKCOPY	Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
25	DOSKEY	Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.
26	ECHO	Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
27	ENDLOCAL	Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
28	ERASE	Deletes one or more files.
29	EXIT	Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
30	FC	Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them.
31	FIND	Searches for a text string in a file or files.
32	FINDSTR	Searches for strings in files.
33	FOR	Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
34	FORMAT	Formats a disk for use with Windows.
35	FTYPE	Displays or modifies file types used in file Extension associations.
36	GOTO	Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program.
37	GRAFTABL	Enables Windows to display an Extended character set in graphics mode.
38	HELP	Provides Help information for Windows commands.
39	IF	Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
40	LABEL	Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
41	MD	Creates a directory.
42	MKDIR	Creates a directory.
43	MODE	Configures a system device.
44	MORE	Displays output one screen at a time.
45	MOVE	Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.
46	PATH	Displays or sets a search path for Executable files.
47	PAUSE	Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
48	POPD	Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.
49	PRINT	Prints a text file.
50	PROMPT	Changes the Windows command prompt.
51	PUSHD	Saves the current directory then changes it.
52	RD	Removes a directory.
53	RECOVER	Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
54	REM	Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
55	REN	Renames a file or files.
56	RENAME	Renames a file or files.
57	REPLACE	Replaces files.
58	RMDIR	Removes a directory.
59	SET	Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
60	SETLOCAL	Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
61	SHIFT	Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
62	START	Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.
63	SORT	Sorts input.
64	SUBST	Associates a path with a drive letter.
65	TIME	Displays or sets the system time.
66	TITLE	Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
67	TREE	Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
68	TYPE	Displays the contents of a text file.
69	VER	Displays the Windows version.
70	VERIFY	Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk.
71	VOL	Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
72	XCOPY	Copies files and directory trees.

Difference Between Ms-Dos And Windows OS:

Ms-Dos	Windows
Computer’s data Can be Entered from Keyboard.	Computer’s data can be entered from Icons.
We can run only one application	We can run no of application.
Keyboard facility is available	Both mouse and keyboard facility is available
File Sharing is not available	File Sharing is available
Easy to learn but difficulty to Remember	Easy to learn and Remember.
It is a CUI(Character User interface)	It is GUI(Graphicle User Interface)

SINCERLY THANKS to OUR Team Members

S. Deva Kumar (B.Tech)

Ch.Sree Suda (B.Tech)

K.Manjula (B.Tech)

Preapared By

T.Hari Krishna

(B.Tech)

Notes

krishnaeducationportal

Sunday, 6 July 2014

Sunday, 16 March 2014

Photoshop Short Notes

M.S-DOS Material free Download

Preapared By